Multimorbilidad auto-reportada por el adulto mayor del departamento de Antioquia: prevalência y factores asociados / Self-reported multimorbidity by the elderly in the department of Antioquia: prevalence and associated factors

Resumen Introducción: La multimorbilidad consiste en presentar más de una enfermedad crónica simultáneamente, un fenómeno favorecido por la exposición acumulada a factores de riesgo. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal y un modelo de regresión logística binaria de tipo explicativo. Se analizaron 4 248 registros de adultos mayores de 60 años, de una fuente secundaria, con auto-reporte de 17 problemas de salud. Resultados: La edad osciló entre 60 y 112 años, 51,5 % tenía entre 60 y 69 años, el 72,8 % fueron mujeres, el 57,8 % tenía escolaridad primaria y el 15 % no tenía escolaridad. Se encontró auto-reporte desde cero hasta 11 enfermedades, siendo la hipertensión arterial la más frecuente (53,5 %), que junto a diabetes (7,0 %), problemas óseos (4,4 %) y cardíacos (4,2 %) constituyeron las principales combinaciones. El 83,5 % tenía riesgo nutricional y 18,4 % riesgo de dependencia funcional. La prevalencia de multimorbilidad auto-reportada fue 54,8 % (IC 95% 54,7-54,9). Los principales factores asociados correspondieron a mayor edad (Odds ratio -OR- 1,70; IC95% 1,32-2,21), sexo femenino OR= 1,53 (IC95% 1,30-1,82), riesgo de dependencia funcional OR= 1,35 (IC95% 1,02-1,80) y riesgo nutricional OR= 2,34 (IC95% 1,82-3,02). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de multimorbilidad en Antioquia es alta, siendo la hipertensión arterial su principal aportante y está fuertemente relacionada con el riesgo de dependencia funcional y el riesgo nutricional.

Abstract Introduction: Multimorbidity consists of presenting more than one chronic disease simultaneously, a phenomenon favored by cumulative exposure to risk factors. Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study and an explanatory binary logistic regression model. We analyzed 4 248 records of adults over 60 years of age, from a secondary source, with self-report of 17 health problems. Results: The age ranged between 60 and 112 years, 51.5% were between 60 and 69 years old, 72.8% were women, 57.8% had primary schooling and 15% had no schooling. Self-report was found from zero to 11 diseases, with arterial hypertension being the most frequent (53.5%), which together with diabetes (7.0%), bone (4.4%) and cardiac problems (4.2%) constituted the main combinations. 83.5% had nutritional risk and 18.4% risk of functional dependence. The prevalence of self-reported multimorbidity was 54.8% (CI 95% 54.7-54.9). The main associated factors corresponded to older age (Odds ratio -OR- 1.70 IC95% 1.32-2.21), female sex (OR = 1.53 IC95% 1.30-1.82), risk of dependence functional (OR = 1.35 IC95% 1.02-1.80) and nutritional risk (OR = 2.34 IC95% 1.82-3.02). Conclusions: The prevalence of multimorbidity in Antioquia is high, with hypertension being its main contributor and is strongly related to the risk of functional dependence and nutritional risk.

A Case of Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma

The pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma is considered as a special subgroup of gliomas because of its distinctive characteristics regarding age, gross and microscopic features, and perhaps, most importantly, the relatively favorable prognosis despite of pleomorphism and bizarre giant cells in the microscopic picture. Because of rarity of this disease entity, we report a case of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma with a review of literature.